পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	ট্রেন্ড রিসার্চ	প্যানেল গবেষণা	জরিপ গবেষণা
ক্ষেত্র	গবেষণা নকশা	গবেষণা নকশা	গবেষণা নকশা
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	Mid-20th century (formalised in social science methodology ~1950s–1960s)	1970s-1980s (econometric formalization); earlier social survey use from 1940s	Late 19th century; methodologically systematised 1940s–1960s
প্রবর্তক	Earl Babbie and survey research tradition	Social science and econometric traditions; systematized by Cheng Hsiao and others from the 1970s-1980s	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; systematised by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues at Columbia in the 1940s
ধরন	Quantitative longitudinal research design	Quantitative longitudinal observational design	Quantitative (and mixed) non-experimental design
মৌলিক উৎস	Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1452226101	Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521522717	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000
অপর নাম	trend study, trend survey, longitudinal trend study, time-series survey	panel study, panel survey, longitudinal panel, repeated-measures panel	survey methodology, questionnaire research, survey design, survey study
সম্পর্কিত	4	3	4
সারসংক্ষেপ	Trend research is a longitudinal quantitative design that tracks changes in a characteristic of a general population over time by surveying different, independently drawn samples at two or more time points. Unlike panel studies, the same individuals are not followed; rather, each wave draws a fresh sample from the same population, allowing researchers to detect population-level shifts in attitudes, behaviours, or conditions while avoiding the attrition and panel conditioning problems of repeated-measures designs.	Panel research is a quantitative longitudinal design in which the same individuals, organizations, or other units are measured repeatedly across two or more time points. Unlike cross-sectional surveys that capture a single snapshot, a panel tracks change within units, enabling researchers to separate genuine within-unit change from between-unit differences and to model causal dynamics over time.	Survey research is a quantitative (and sometimes mixed-methods) design in which a researcher collects standardised self-report data from a sample drawn from a defined population, using a questionnaire or structured interview. It is the dominant non-experimental strategy for describing population characteristics, estimating prevalence, mapping attitude distributions, and testing bivariate or multivariate associations across social, behavioural, and health sciences.