পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	স্থানিক কৃত্রিম নিয়ন্ত্রণ পদ্ধতি	প্রোপেনসিটি স্কোর ম্যাচিং (Propensity Score Matching)
ক্ষেত্র	কার্যকারণ অনুমান	গবেষণা পরিসংখ্যান
পরিবার	Regression model	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	2003–2010s	1983
প্রবর্তক	Abadie & Gardeazabal (2003); extended to spatial settings by subsequent applied econometric work	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
ধরন	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Method
মৌলিক উৎস	Abadie, A., & Gardeazabal, J. (2003). The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country. American Economic Review, 93(1), 113-132.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
অপর নাম	spatial SCM, geographic synthetic control, spatial SC, spatial counterfactual control	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
সম্পর্কিত	6	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	The Spatial Synthetic Control Method adapts the classic synthetic control framework to settings where treated and donor units are defined by geographic location. By constructing a weighted combination of spatially proximate or comparable control regions, the method estimates what would have happened to a treated area absent the intervention, while explicitly accounting for geographic spillovers, spatial autocorrelation, and contiguity among units.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.