পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| ঝুঁকি-সমন্বিত ক্রস-সেকশনাল এপিডেমিওলজিক্যাল স্টাডি× | কেস-কন্ট্রোল স্টাডি× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | মহামারীবিদ্যা | মহামারীবিদ্যা |
| পরিবার | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 1990s (risk-adjustment integration); cross-sectional design foundational since mid-20th century | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Rooted in classical cross-sectional epidemiology (Doll, Hill, Lilienfeld); risk-adjustment formalization attributed to Lisa Iezzoni and colleagues in health outcomes research (1990s) | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s |
| ধরন≠ | Observational epidemiological design with statistical adjustment | Observational analytic study design |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195083385 | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 |
| অপর নাম | risk-adjusted cross-sectional survey, case-mix adjusted cross-sectional study, standardized cross-sectional analysis, adjusted prevalence study | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis |
| সম্পর্কিত≠ | 4 | 6 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | A risk-adjusted cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the prevalence of health outcomes or exposures in a defined population at a single point in time, then applies statistical risk-adjustment methods — such as regression standardization, direct or indirect standardization, or propensity scoring — to remove the distorting influence of differences in patient case-mix across comparison groups. The approach is widely used in health services research, comparative effectiveness, and clinical quality assessment. | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. |
| ScholarGateডেটাসেট ↗ |
|
|