পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| প্রাগম্যাটিক মাল্টি-আর্ম এক্সপেরিমেন্ট× | গুচ্ছ-ভিত্তিক এলোমেলো বহু-বাহু পরীক্ষা× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | পরীক্ষামূলক নকশা | পরীক্ষামূলক নকশা |
| পরিবার | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 1967 (pragmatic trial concept); multi-arm extensions 1990s–2000s | 1990s–2000s (systematic formalization) |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic framing); extended to multi-arm settings in clinical and health services research | Building on cluster randomization (Donner & Klar) and multi-arm trial methods developed in clinical and public health research |
| ধরন | Experimental design | Experimental design |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Chalkidou, K. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475. DOI ↗ | Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340691533 |
| অপর নাম | pragmatic multi-arm trial, multi-arm pragmatic RCT, pragmatic multi-treatment experiment, PMAT | multi-arm cluster RCT, cluster-randomized multi-group trial, multi-arm group-randomized trial, CRCT multi-arm |
| সম্পর্কিত | 6 | 6 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | A pragmatic multi-arm experiment is an experimental design that simultaneously compares three or more interventions (arms) under real-world conditions rather than tightly controlled laboratory settings. It combines the broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and effectiveness orientation of pragmatic trials with the statistical efficiency of multi-arm structures, allowing researchers to evaluate multiple treatments or treatment variants against each other or a control within a single study, minimizing the resources and time required relative to running separate pairwise trials. | A cluster randomized multi-arm experiment assigns intact groups — such as schools, clinics, or villages — rather than individuals to three or more experimental conditions simultaneously. Randomization occurs at the cluster level to prevent contamination between arms, while the multi-arm structure allows simultaneous evaluation of several interventions against a common control or each other, improving efficiency over a series of two-arm studies. |
| ScholarGateডেটাসেট ↗ |
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