পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	প্রাগম্যাটিক কন্ট্রোল গ্রুপ পরীক্ষামূলক নকশা	ফ্যাক্টোরিয়াল কন্ট্রোল গ্রুপ এক্সপেরিমেন্টাল ডিজাইন
ক্ষেত্র	পরীক্ষামূলক নকশা	পরীক্ষামূলক নকশা
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	1967 (seminal distinction); 2009 (PRECIS operationalization)	1926–1935
প্রবর্তক	Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic vs explanatory distinction); extended by PRECIS framework (Thorpe et al.)	Ronald A. Fisher
ধরন	Experimental design (pragmatic variant)	Experimental design
মৌলিক উৎস	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
অপর নাম	pragmatic controlled trial, effectiveness trial with control group, real-world control group design, pragmatic comparative design	factorial controlled experiment, factorial design with control, factorial RCT with control arm, multi-factor controlled experiment
সম্পর্কিত	6	6
সারসংক্ষেপ	A pragmatic control group experimental design tests whether an intervention works under routine, real-world conditions by comparing it against a control condition — typically usual care or an active comparator — rather than a tightly controlled placebo. It prioritises external validity and applicability over the internal purity of an explanatory efficacy trial, asking whether an intervention makes a meaningful difference to people as they are actually treated in practice.	A factorial control group experimental design crosses two or more independent variables (factors) in a fully factorial structure while including at least one condition that serves as a no-treatment or standard-treatment control. This allows researchers to simultaneously estimate the main effect of each factor, their interactions, and the size of those effects relative to a meaningful baseline, maximising both causal precision and experimental efficiency.