পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	প্রাগম্যাটিক ক্লিনিক্যাল ট্রায়াল	ক্লাস্টার র‍্যান্ডমাইজড ট্রায়াল
ক্ষেত্র	ক্লিনিক্যাল গবেষণা	ক্লিনিক্যাল গবেষণা
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	2009-2015	1999-2000
প্রবর্তক	Thorpe et al. (2009); PRECIS framework developed by international consortia	Campbell, Grimshaw, Elbourne et al.
ধরন	Research Design	Research Design
মৌলিক উৎস	Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Tugwell, P. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. CMAJ, 180(10), E47–E57.	Campbell, M. K., Grimshaw, J. M., & Elbourne, D. R. (2000). Intracluster correlation coefficients in cluster randomized trials: empirical insights into how should they be reported. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 4, 30.
অপর নাম	pragmatic trial, real-world trial, effectiveness trial, PRECIS-2	CRT, cluster RCT, cluster trial, group randomization
সম্পর্কিত	4	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	A pragmatic trial is designed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of an intervention in typical clinical settings with diverse, representative patients, minimal exclusion criteria, and clinically relevant outcomes. Developed by Thorpe and colleagues (2009) and formalized via the PRECIS-2 framework (2015), pragmatic trials bridge the gap between explanatory efficacy trials (conducted in controlled research settings) and implementation science, answering the question 'Does this work in actual clinical practice?' rather than 'Can this work under ideal conditions?'	A cluster randomized trial (CRT) randomizes intact groups—schools, clinics, villages, or hospital wards—rather than individuals. Developed by Campbell, Grimshaw, and colleagues in the late 1990s to address real-world settings where intervention delivery or contamination occurs at the group level, CRTs are now standard for evaluating population-level, community-based, and policy interventions.