পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	প্যানেল ডেটা ফাজি রিগ্রেশন ডিসকন্টিনিউটি ডিজাইন	ডিফারেন্স-ইন-ডিফারেন্সেস (ডিফ-ইন-ডিফ)
ক্ষেত্র	কার্যকারণ অনুমান	অর্থমিতি
পরিবার	Regression model	Regression model
উদ্ভবের বছর	2001 (fuzzy RDD); panel extension circa 2011	1994
প্রবর্তক	Hahn, Todd & Van der Klaauw; extended to panel settings by Papay, Willett & Murnane and others	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
ধরন	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference / panel regression
মৌলিক উৎস	Hahn, J., Todd, P., & Van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design. Review of Economic Studies, 68(1), 201-209.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
অপর নাম	Panel Fuzzy RDD, Panel FRD, Fuzzy RD with Panel Data, Panel Fuzzy RD	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
সম্পর্কিত	5	5
সারসংক্ষেপ	Panel Data Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (Panel FRD) extends the fuzzy RDD framework to settings where multiple observations per unit are available over time. It exploits a probabilistic — rather than deterministic — threshold-crossing rule to identify a local average treatment effect (LATE) while controlling for unit-level and time-level fixed effects, sharpening identification in repeated-measures contexts.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.