পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	প্যানেল-ভিত্তিক জরিপ গবেষণা	প্যানেল গবেষণা
ক্ষেত্র	গবেষণা নকশা	গবেষণা নকশা
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	Mid-20th century; formalized as a distinct design by the 1940s–1960s in sociological and economic research	1970s-1980s (econometric formalization); earlier social survey use from 1940s
প্রবর্তক	Established through social science survey methodology; foundational reference: Kasprzyk et al. (1989)	Social science and econometric traditions; systematized by Cheng Hsiao and others from the 1970s-1980s
ধরন	Quantitative longitudinal observational design	Quantitative longitudinal observational design
মৌলিক উৎস	Kasprzyk, D., Duncan, G., Kalton, G., & Singh, M. P. (Eds.). (1989). Panel Surveys. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471617143	Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521522717
অপর নাম	panel survey, longitudinal survey panel, repeated survey design, panel data survey	panel study, panel survey, longitudinal panel, repeated-measures panel
সম্পর্কিত	5	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	Panel-based survey research is a quantitative longitudinal design in which the same set of respondents — the panel — is surveyed with structured questionnaires at two or more distinct time points. By tracking the same individuals over time, the design captures intra-individual change, documents how outcomes evolve, and enables stronger causal inference than a single cross-sectional survey can provide. It is widely used in social science, economics, public health, and education research.	Panel research is a quantitative longitudinal design in which the same individuals, organizations, or other units are measured repeatedly across two or more time points. Unlike cross-sectional surveys that capture a single snapshot, a panel tracks change within units, enabling researchers to separate genuine within-unit change from between-unit differences and to model causal dynamics over time.