পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| বহুকেন্দ্রিক চতুর্থ পর্যায়ের গবেষণা× | বহুকেন্দ্রিক কোহর্ট গবেষণা (Multicenter Cohort Study)× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | মহামারীবিদ্যা | মহামারীবিদ্যা |
| পরিবার | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 1980s–1990s (formalized with post-marketing requirements in modern drug regulation) | Mid-to-late 20th century (widespread adoption 1970s–1990s) |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical industry (ICH E2E, FDA, EMA post-marketing frameworks) | Developed incrementally through large collaborative epidemiological projects (e.g., Framingham Heart Study consortium expansions, 1948 onward; EPIC study, 1992) |
| ধরন≠ | Observational or interventional post-marketing study | Observational longitudinal study |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Strom, B. L., & Kimmel, S. E. (Eds.). (2005). Textbook of Pharmacoepidemiology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0470029619 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| অপর নাম | multicenter post-marketing study, multicenter pharmacovigilance study, multi-site phase IV study, post-authorization safety study | multisite cohort study, multi-centre cohort, collaborative cohort study, pooled cohort study |
| সম্পর্কিত | 6 | 6 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | A multicenter Phase IV study is a post-marketing surveillance investigation conducted simultaneously at two or more clinical or research sites after a drug, device, or intervention has received regulatory approval. By pooling real-world data from diverse patient populations and geographic regions, it detects rare adverse events, evaluates long-term effectiveness, characterizes safety in subgroups, and fulfills regulatory post-authorization commitments that single-site studies cannot achieve. | A multicenter cohort study follows defined groups of participants at two or more geographically or institutionally distinct sites over time to estimate incidence, identify risk factors, and quantify associations between exposures and outcomes. By pooling data from multiple centers, it achieves statistical power and population diversity that single-site designs cannot match, making it the workhorse of large-scale epidemiological and clinical research. |
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