পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	বহুদলীয় পরীক্ষা-পুনঃপরীক্ষা নির্ভরযোগ্যতা	Multi-group measurement invariance
ক্ষেত্র	মনোমিতি	মনোমিতি
পরিবার	Latent structure	Latent structure
উদ্ভবের বছর	1979–2000	1971–1993
প্রবর্তক	Systematic multi-group extensions developed alongside measurement invariance frameworks (Vandenberg & Lance, 2000); intraclass correlation foundation in Shrout & Fleiss (1979)	Jöreskog, K. G. (1971); Meredith, W. (1993)
ধরন	Reliability estimation across groups	Model comparison / hypothesis testing
মৌলিক উৎস	Shrout, P. E. & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 420–428.	Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
অপর নাম	multi-group temporal stability, cross-group test-retest reliability, group-comparative retest reliability, multi-sample temporal consistency	measurement invariance, factorial invariance, cross-group invariance, MI testing
সম্পর্কিত	5	6
সারসংক্ষেপ	Multi-group test-retest reliability evaluates whether a measure produces stable scores across time separately for two or more defined groups — such as different genders, age cohorts, or clinical populations — and determines whether the degree of that temporal stability is equivalent across those groups.	Multi-group measurement invariance testing examines whether a latent construct is measured in the same way across two or more distinct groups — such as cultures, genders, or age cohorts. It is a prerequisite for meaningful group comparisons of latent means or relationships, ensuring that observed score differences reflect true differences rather than measurement artifacts.