পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| বহু-গোষ্ঠী স্কেল উন্নয়ন× | ডিফারেনশিয়াল আইটেম ফাংশনিং (DIF)× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | মনোমিতি | মনোমিতি |
| পরিবার | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 1971 (multi-group CFA); 2000 (applied synthesis for scale development) | 1970s–1993 |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Jöreskog, K. G. (multi-group SEM framework); systematised for scale development by Vandenberg & Lance (2000) | William H. Angoff and colleagues (ETS); systematized by Holland & Wainer |
| ধরন≠ | Scale development / measurement model testing | Item-level bias detection |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70. DOI ↗ | Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589 |
| অপর নাম | MGSD, cross-group scale development, multi-sample scale development, comparative scale construction | DIF, item bias analysis, measurement non-equivalence, item-level measurement bias |
| সম্পর্কিত≠ | 6 | 5 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | Multi-group scale development constructs and validates a measurement scale simultaneously across two or more distinct populations or groups. The approach integrates standard item generation and factor-analytic procedures with a systematic hierarchy of measurement invariance tests to ensure that the resulting scale measures the same construct in the same way in every target group. | Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development. |
| ScholarGateডেটাসেট ↗ |
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