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	বহু-গোষ্ঠী আইটেম প্রতিক্রিয়া তত্ত্ব (Multi-Group Item Response Theory - MG-IRT)	আইটেম রেসপন্স থিওরি (IRT)
ক্ষেত্র	মনোমিতি	মনোমিতি
পরিবার	Latent structure	Latent structure
উদ্ভবের বছর	1990s	1952–1968
প্রবর্তক	Multiple contributors; formalized by Birnbaum (1968) for IRT; multi-group extensions developed through 1980s–1990s	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
ধরন	Latent trait / measurement invariance	Probabilistic measurement model
মৌলিক উৎস	Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
অপর নাম	MG-IRT, multiple-group IRT, multi-group latent trait model, IRT across groups	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
সম্পর্কিত	6	5
সারসংক্ষেপ	Multi-group item response theory fits IRT models simultaneously across two or more defined groups — such as males and females, or different cultural samples — to determine whether item parameters are invariant across those groups. It is the primary IRT-based framework for testing measurement equivalence and detecting differential item functioning (DIF) at the model level.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.