পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক আস্থা পরিমাপক (Institutional Trust Scale)× | সামাজিক সংহতি পরিমাপক× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | রাজনৈতিক সমাজবিজ্ঞান | রাজনৈতিক সমাজবিজ্ঞান |
| পরিবার | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 1975–2011 | 1997–2006 |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | David Easton, Marc Hetherington, Pippa Norris | Robert Sampson, Ray Forrest, Akhtar Kearns |
| ধরন | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Hetherington, M. J. (2005). Why trust matters: Declining political trust and the demise of American liberalism. Princeton University Press. link ↗ | Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918-924. DOI ↗ |
| অপর নাম | ITS, Institutional Confidence Index | SCS, Social Integration Index |
| সম্পর্কিত≠ | 4 | 5 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | The Institutional Trust Scale measures an individual's confidence and trust in formal political and social institutions including parliament, courts, police, media, and civil service. Distinct from generalized interpersonal trust, institutional trust reflects belief in the legitimacy, fairness, and effectiveness of formal organizations that structure governance and public life. Developed in political science by scholars including David Easton and Marc Hetherington, it is a key indicator of democratic health and governance legitimacy. | The Social Cohesion Scale measures the degree to which members of a community feel integrated, connected, and unified by shared values and mutual support. Developed across multiple traditions—notably by Robert Sampson and colleagues in criminology and urban sociology, and by Forrest & Kearns in housing research—it assesses both the structural glue (institutions, networks) and affective bonds (belonging, solidarity) that hold communities together. |
| ScholarGateডেটাসেট ↗ |
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