পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	Input-Output Analysis	শিফট-শেয়ার ইন্সট্রুমেন্টাল ভেরিয়েবল (বার্তিক ইন্সট্রুমেন্ট)
ক্ষেত্র	অর্থনীতি	কার্যকারণ অনুমান
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Regression model
উদ্ভবের বছর	1936	2020
প্রবর্তক	Wassily Leontief	Bartik (1991); identification framework by Goldsmith-Pinkham, Sorkin & Swift (2020) and Borusyak, Hull & Jaravel (2022)
ধরন	Linear inter-industry accounting and impact model	Instrumental-variable design
মৌলিক উৎস	Leontief, W. W. (1936). Quantitative input and output relations in the economic system of the United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(3), 105–125.	Goldsmith-Pinkham, P., Sorkin, I. & Swift, H. (2020). Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How. American Economic Review, 110(8), 2586–2624.
অপর নাম	Leontief Model, Inter-Industry Analysis, I-O Analysis, Input-Output Model	Bartik instrument, shift-share instrument, Shift-Share Araç Değişkeni (Bartik Instrument)
সম্পর্কিত	4	5
সারসংক্ষেপ	Input-output analysis is a quantitative framework for representing the interdependence between the industries of an economy, introduced by Wassily Leontief in 1936. It records the flows of goods and services between sectors in a transactions table, derives fixed technical coefficients describing how much each industry buys from every other industry per unit of output, and inverts the resulting linear system to trace how an exogenous change in final demand ripples through the entire production structure.	The shift-share instrumental variable, widely known as the Bartik instrument, is a causal-inference strategy that builds an instrument by interacting national or sector-level shocks (the shifts) with local composition weights (the shares). Its modern identification framework was set out by Goldsmith-Pinkham, Sorkin and Swift (2020) and Borusyak, Hull and Jaravel (2022).