পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	বিষমধর্মী ট্রিটমেন্ট ইফেক্ট ডিফারেন্স-ইন-ডিফারেন্সেস (HTE-DiD)	প্যানেল ডেটা ডিফারেন্স-ইন-ডিফারেন্সেস (প্যানেল DiD / TWFE)
ক্ষেত্র	কার্যকারণ অনুমান	কার্যকারণ অনুমান
পরিবার	Regression model	Regression model
উদ্ভবের বছর	2021	1985–2004
প্রবর্তক	Callaway & Sant'Anna; Sun & Abraham	Ashenfelter & Card (1985); codified by Angrist & Pischke (2009); serial correlation critique by Bertrand, Duflo & Mullainathan (2004)
ধরন	Causal inference / panel regression	Causal inference / panel regression
মৌলিক উৎস	Callaway, B., & Sant'Anna, P. H. C. (2021). Difference-in-Differences with multiple time periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
অপর নাম	HTE-DiD, heterogeneous DiD, CATT estimator, group-time ATT	Two-Way Fixed Effects DiD, TWFE, Panel DiD, Panel Diff-in-Diff
সম্পর্কিত	4	4
সারসংক্ষেপ	HTE-DiD extends the classic Difference-in-Differences estimator to settings where treatment effects vary across units, time periods, or treatment cohorts. Developed formally by Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) and Sun and Abraham (2021), it avoids the biases that arise when a conventional two-way fixed-effects regression is used with staggered adoption or effect heterogeneity, by estimating cohort-and-time-specific average treatment effects that can then be aggregated flexibly.	Panel Data Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD design to settings with multiple units observed across many time periods. By absorbing unit-level fixed effects and time fixed effects simultaneously, it isolates the causal effect of a treatment or policy change while controlling for both time-invariant unit heterogeneity and common time shocks affecting all units.