পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	ফোকাস গ্রুপ পদ্ধতি	গুণগত প্রমাণ সংশ্লেষণ পদ্ধতিসমূহ
ক্ষেত্র	গুণগত গবেষণা	গুণগত গবেষণা
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	1956	1988
প্রবর্তক	Robert K. Merton and Paul F. Lazarsfeld	George Noblit and Dwight Hare
ধরন	Method	Method
মৌলিক উৎস	Krueger, R. A. (1994). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803954366	Noblit, G. W., & Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative Studies. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803931725
অপর নাম	FGD, focus group discussion, group interview	qualitative meta-synthesis, meta-ethnography, thematic synthesis, systematic review of qualitative studies
সম্পর্কিত	4	4
সারসংক্ষেপ	Focus group discussions are a qualitative research method in which a trained moderator guides a small group (typically 6–12 participants) through structured or semi-structured discussion of a specific topic or product. Developed by Merton and Lazarsfeld in the 1950s for market research, focus groups are now widely used in health sciences, education, social sciences, and policy research. The method leverages group interaction to generate rich, contextual insights that individual interviews may not reveal.	Qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) is a systematic method for combining and interpreting findings from multiple qualitative research studies to generate higher-level understanding and theory. Different approaches—meta-ethnography, thematic synthesis, meta-narrative review, critical interpretive synthesis—each have distinct philosophical underpinnings and analytical procedures. Introduced by Noblit and Hare (1988) with meta-ethnography, qualitative synthesis has evolved alongside systematic reviews of quantitative research. Unlike quantitative meta-analysis, which pools numerical effect sizes, qualitative synthesis integrates concepts, themes, and interpretations from primary studies, identifying patterns, conflicts, and emergent theory. QES is increasingly used in health research, social sciences, and education to understand complex phenomena, translate research into practice, and identify gaps in evidence.