পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	পরিবেশগত প্রভাব মূল্যায়ন	ধাতব পদার্থের রাসায়নিক রূপ নির্ণয়
ক্ষেত্র	পরিবেশ প্রকৌশল	পরিবেশ প্রকৌশল
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	1970	1979
প্রবর্তক	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	Tessier and hydrogeochemists
ধরন	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline	analytical and geochemical modeling pipeline
মৌলিক উৎস	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910	Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C., & Bisson, M. (1979). Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals. Analytical Chemistry, 51(7), 844–851.
অপর নাম	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment	metal speciation, metal partitioning, bioavailability assessment, speciation analysis
সম্পর্কিত	4	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.	Heavy metal speciation is the analytical and geochemical determination of the chemical forms (species) and partitioning of toxic metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper) in soil, sediment, and water. Metal bioavailability—the fraction accessible to organisms—depends critically on speciation: metal bound to soil organic matter or iron oxides is immobile and non-bioavailable; dissolved or exchangeable metal is highly bioavailable and toxic. Speciation assessment informs remediation design, risk assessment, and contaminant fate prediction.