পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	এলিপটিক কার্ভ ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি	HMAC	zk-SNARK
ক্ষেত্র	ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি	ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি	ক্রিপ্টোগ্রাফি
পরিবার	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
উদ্ভবের বছর	1985	1997	2014
প্রবর্তক	Neal Koblitz	Hugo Krawczyk	Eli Ben-Sasson
ধরন	asymmetric encryption and key agreement	cryptographic authentication mechanism	zero-knowledge argument of knowledge
মৌলিক উৎস	Miller, V. S. (1985). Use of Elliptic Curves in Cryptography. In Proceedings of the Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 1985, LNCS 218, pp. 417-426.	Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., & Crechanko, R. (1997). HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication. RFC 2104.	Ben-Sasson, E., Chiesa, A., Garman, C., Green, M., Miers, I., Tromer, E., & Virza, M. (2014). Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 459-474.
অপর নাম	ECC, elliptic curve cryptosystem	HMAC, keyed hash function	zk-SNARK, zero-knowledge proof, SNARK
সম্পর্কিত	3	3	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is a public-key cryptosystem based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. Proposed independently by Neal Koblitz and Victor Miller in 1985, ECC offers equivalent security to RSA with much smaller key sizes. Modern cryptography increasingly favors ECC for its efficiency: a 256-bit ECC key provides security comparable to a 2048-bit RSA key, making it ideal for constrained environments and high-performance systems.	HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code) is a cryptographic algorithm for authenticating messages using a secret key and a hash function. Standardized in RFC 2104 (1997), HMAC can be combined with any cryptographic hash function (SHA-256, SHA-3, etc.) to create a message authentication code (MAC). HMAC provides both data integrity and authentication, detecting both accidental corruption and deliberate tampering, and is widely used in web security (TLS/SSL), API authentication, and network protocols.	A zk-SNARK (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system that allows a prover to convince a verifier that a statement is true without revealing any information beyond the statement's validity. The acronym describes its key properties: it requires no interaction, proofs are short (succinct), and verification is efficient. zk-SNARKs were popularized by their application in the Zcash cryptocurrency but have since found use in blockchain scaling solutions, privacy-preserving computations, and verifiable computing.