পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	দ্বৈত প্রকাশনা এবং সালামি স্লাইসিং	ICMJE Authorship Criteria
ক্ষেত্র	প্রকাশনা নৈতিকতা	প্রকাশনা নৈতিকতা
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	1997	1978
প্রবর্তক	Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)
ধরন	Standard	Standard
মৌলিক উৎস	Committee on Publication Ethics (2023). COPE Guidelines. Flowcharts and Advice on Publication Ethics. COPE.	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.
অপর নাম	Redundant Publication, Overlapping Publication, Fragmented Research	ICMJE Authorship, Authorship Guidelines
সম্পর্কিত	4	4
সারসংক্ষেপ	Duplicate publication occurs when the same research data are published more than once without acknowledgment or justification, presenting the same or substantially similar results as previously published work. Salami slicing is the related practice of dividing the results of a single study into the smallest possible publishable units and submitting them as separate papers to multiply publication counts. Both practices artificially inflate research output, mislead readers, and violate ethical standards upheld by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and research integrity organizations worldwide.	The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) established the most widely adopted authorship standard in biomedical research in 1978. These criteria define who qualifies as an author and distinguish authors from contributors, establishing accountability and preventing disputes over publication credit. Used by over 10,000 journals globally, ICMJE authorship criteria form the foundation of authorship practices in medical, life science, and health-related research.