পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| Congruence Analysis× | Qualitative Comparative Analysis× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | Political Science | Political Science |
| পরিবার | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 2012 | 1987 |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Alexander L. George & Andrew Bennett; Joachim Blatter & Markus Haverland | Charles C. Ragin |
| ধরন≠ | Small-N, theory-centered case-study method | Set-theoretic, configurational comparative method |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Blatter, J., & Haverland, M. (2012). Designing Case Studies: Explanatory Approaches in Small-N Research. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 9780230249707 | Ragin, C. C. (1987). The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN: 9780520058347 |
| অপর নাম | Congruence method, Congruence procedure, Theory-centered case study, Predicted-observed congruence testing | QCA, csQCA, fsQCA, Configurational comparative method |
| সম্পর্কিত | 3 | 3 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | Congruence analysis is a small-N, theory-centered case-study method that adjudicates between competing theories by comparing each theory's concrete predictions with the empirical observations in one or a few cases. The researcher derives specific, observable expectations from each rival theory and then assesses which theory's predictions are most congruent with what is actually observed. Described as the congruence method by George and Bennett and developed into a full explanatory approach by Blatter and Haverland, it makes theories — rather than cases or variables — the central objects of inference. | Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a set-theoretic, configurational method that identifies which combinations of conditions are necessary or sufficient for an outcome across a set of cases. Developed by Charles Ragin, it treats each case as a configuration of set memberships, builds a truth table of all logically possible combinations, and uses Boolean algebra to minimize them into the simplest expressions that account for the outcome. It bridges qualitative case knowledge and cross-case generalization, embracing causal complexity through conjunctural causation, equifinality, and asymmetry. |
| ScholarGateডেটাসেট ↗ |
|
|