পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	কেস স্টাডি গবেষণা	ফোকাস গ্রুপ গবেষণা	আখ্যান অনুসন্ধান
ক্ষেত্র	গুণগত	গুণগত	গুণগত গবেষণা
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	1984 (seminal codification)	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s	2000
প্রবর্তক	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger	D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly
ধরন	Qualitative research design	Qualitative data collection method	Method
মৌলিক উৎস	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
অপর নাম	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması	Narrative Analysis, Narrative Research, Life Story Method
সম্পর্কিত	5	6	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.	Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research methodology that treats stories and life narratives as primary data, analyzing how individuals construct meaning and identity through storytelling. Developed by D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly (2000), narrative inquiry examines the narratives people tell about their lives, experiences, and transitions, understanding that people make sense of experience through narrative.