পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	সহ 개의 변수 분석 (ANCOVA)	মাল্টিভেরিয়েট অ্যানালাইসিস অফ ভ্যারিয়েন্স (MANOVA)	একমুখী ভেদাঙ্ক বিশ্লেষণ	যুগ্ম নমুনা টি-পরীক্ষা
ক্ষেত্র	পরিসংখ্যান	পরিসংখ্যান	পরিসংখ্যান	পরিসংখ্যান
পরিবার	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
উদ্ভবের বছর	1932	1932	1925	1908
প্রবর্তক	Ronald A. Fisher	Samuel Stanley Wilks (Wilks' Lambda, 1932); Roy, Hotelling, Pillai (mid-20th c.)	Ronald A. Fisher	Student (W. S. Gosset)
ধরন	Parametric group comparison with covariate control	Parametric multivariate mean comparison	Parametric mean comparison	Parametric mean comparison (paired)
মৌলিক উৎস	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.	Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185
অপর নাম	analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi)	Multivariate ANOVA, Çok Değişkenli ANOVA (MANOVA)	one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA	dependent samples t-test, repeated measures t-test, matched-pairs t-test, eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-testi
সম্পর্কিত	4	5	4	4
সারসংক্ষেপ	ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013).	MANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares group means across multiple continuous dependent variables, controlling the inflation of Type I error that would result from running separate ANOVAs. Key multivariate test statistics — Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace, and Roy's Greatest Root — were developed between the 1930s and 1950s, with Wilks' Lambda formalised by Samuel Stanley Wilks in 1932.	One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925.	The paired samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares two measurements taken on the same subjects — such as a before and after reading — to decide whether the average change differs from zero. It rests on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and works on the within-subject difference scores rather than the raw measurements.