Сравнение на методи
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| Проспективно проучване Фаза IV× | Когортно проучване – надлъжен обсервационен дизайн× | |
|---|---|---|
| Област | Епидемиология | Епидемиология |
| Семейство | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Година на възникване≠ | 1970s–1980s (formalized in post-marketing regulatory frameworks) | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| Създател≠ | Regulatory and pharmaceutical research community (ICH E2E, EMA PASS guidelines) | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| Тип≠ | Observational / interventional post-marketing study design | Observational longitudinal study design |
| Основополагащ източник≠ | Strom, B.L. (Ed.). (2005). Pharmacoepidemiology (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0470863088 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| Други названия | prospective post-marketing surveillance study, prospective pharmacovigilance study, prospective post-authorization safety study, PASS (prospective) | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| Свързани≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Резюме≠ | A prospective Phase IV study is a post-marketing investigation conducted after a drug, device, or intervention has received regulatory approval, following participants forward in real time to collect safety, effectiveness, and utilization data under routine clinical practice conditions. Unlike retrospective designs that mine existing records, prospective enrollment allows pre-specified data collection, defined follow-up windows, and direct measurement of outcomes as they occur, making it central to post-authorization safety surveillance and long-term effectiveness research. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
| ScholarGateНабор от данни ↗ |
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