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| Индекс на родителски стрес (PSI)× | Ска̀ла за социални придобивки (SPS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Област | Социална психология | Социална психология |
| Семейство | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Година на възникване≠ | 1983 | 1987 |
| Създател≠ | Richard R. Abidin | Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell |
| Тип≠ | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report social support assessment |
| Основополагащ източник≠ | Abidin, R. R. (1983). Parenting Stress Index: Administration, scoring, and interpretation manual. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press. link ↗ | Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1987). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. Advances in Personal Relationships, 1, 37-67. link ↗ |
| Други названия | PSI, Parenting Stress Index – Full Length, PSI-SF | SPS, Cutrona & Russell Social Provisions Scale, SPS-10 |
| Свързани≠ | 3 | 2 |
| Резюме≠ | The Parenting Stress Index is the most widely used multidimensional assessment of parenting stress in mothers and fathers of children from infancy through age 10. Developed by Richard Abidin in 1983, it measures three major stress domains: parental distress (feeling overwhelmed, loss of control, role restriction), parent–child dysfunctional interaction (negative reciprocal patterns), and difficult child characteristics (behavioral and developmental challenges). The PSI has become essential in early intervention programs, family support services, and clinical evaluation of parenting difficulties. | The Social Provisions Scale is a widely used multidimensional instrument for measuring the degree to which individuals perceive their social relationships as providing essential emotional and practical support. Developed by Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell in 1987, the SPS operationalizes the theory that healthy social support requires six provisions: attachment (emotional closeness), social integration (sense of belonging), reassurance of worth (feeling valued), reliable alliance (practical assistance), guidance (advice and direction), and opportunity for nurturance (ability to care for others). The SPS is used extensively in health psychology, gerontology, and stress and coping research. |
| ScholarGateНабор от данни ↗ |
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