Сравнение на методи
Прегледайте избраните методи един до друг; редовете с разлики са откроени.
| Експостфакто дизайн× | Напречно-секторно изследване× | |
|---|---|---|
| Област | Дизайн на изследването | Дизайн на изследването |
| Семейство | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Година на възникване≠ | 1960s (systematic codification); concept used in social science from early 20th century | Late 19th–early 20th century; methodologically codified through the 20th century |
| Създател≠ | Formalized by Fred N. Kerlinger; foundational treatment by Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley | No single originator; foundational methodological treatments by Stuart Menard and Judith Singer & John Willett |
| Тип≠ | Non-experimental quantitative research design | Quantitative (or mixed) observational research design |
| Основополагащ източник≠ | Kerlinger, F. N. (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. link ↗ | Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922841 |
| Други названия | after-the-fact research, retrospective non-experimental design, causal-comparative design, EPF design | longitudinal study, longitudinal design, prospective longitudinal study, repeated-measures observational study |
| Свързани≠ | 3 | 4 |
| Резюме≠ | Ex post facto design is a non-experimental quantitative research approach in which the researcher investigates a phenomenon after it has already occurred, examining pre-existing differences between groups to explore potential causal or associative relationships. Because the independent variable cannot be manipulated — it happened in the past — the design relies on careful group selection, retrospective data collection, and statistical controls to approximate causal inference without experimental intervention. | Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time. |
| ScholarGateНабор от данни ↗ |
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