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| Оценка на въздействието върху околната среда× | Моделиране на разпространението на въздуха× | |
|---|---|---|
| Област | Екологично инженерство | Екологично инженерство |
| Семейство | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Година на възникване≠ | 1970 | 1961 |
| Създател≠ | U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) | Pasquill and Gifford |
| Тип≠ | systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline | mathematical simulation pipeline |
| Основополагащ източник≠ | Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910 | Pasquill, F. (1974). Atmospheric Diffusion: The Dispersion of Windborne Material from Industrial and Other Sources (2nd ed.). Ellis Horwood Limited. ISBN: 978-0470657034 |
| Други названия | EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment | air quality modeling, plume modeling, atmospheric transport, emission dispersion |
| Свързани | 4 | 4 |
| Резюме≠ | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection. | Air dispersion modeling is a quantitative method to predict the concentration and deposition of air pollutants (dust, gases, particulates) released from industrial sources, traffic, or combustion. Developed empirically by Pasquill and Gifford in the 1960s and formalized into the Gaussian plume model, these methods predict ground-level concentration downwind of a source using wind speed, stability class, source height, and meteorological data. Air dispersion models are essential tools for regulatory compliance, emission permitting, and exposure assessment. |
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