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| Диференциална сканираща калориметрия× | CALPHAD× | |
|---|---|---|
| Област | Материалознание | Материалознание |
| Семейство | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Година на възникване≠ | 1964 | 1970 |
| Създател≠ | E. S. Watson | Larry Kaufman |
| Тип≠ | Measurement method | Computational method |
| Основополагащ източник≠ | Watson, E. S., O'Neill, M. J., Justin, J., & Brenner, N. (1964). A differential scanning calorimeter for quantitative differential thermal analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 36(7), 1233-1238. DOI ↗ | Kaufman, L., & Bernstein, H. (1970). Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams. Academic Press. link ↗ |
| Други названия≠ | DSC, differential thermal analysis, thermal analysis | CALPHAD method, computational thermodynamics |
| Свързани | 3 | 3 |
| Резюме≠ | Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal characterization technique that measures the heat flow required to maintain a sample and an inert reference at the same temperature while both are heated or cooled. Invented by Watson, O'Neill, and colleagues in 1964, DSC directly quantifies enthalpy changes during phase transitions, crystallization, melting, and chemical reactions. It is the standard tool in materials science, chemistry, and pharmaceutical research for determining thermodynamic properties, thermal stability, and kinetics of thermal transitions. | CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) is a computational method for predicting thermodynamic equilibrium properties and phase diagrams of multicomponent alloys. Pioneered by Larry Kaufman in 1970, CALPHAD combines experimental and computational data to assess thermodynamic properties of phases and subsequently predict equilibrium conditions. It is the standard methodology in physical metallurgy and materials design for alloy development, process optimization, and understanding phase stability. |
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