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| Проучване случай-контрола× | Когортно проучване – надлъжен обсервационен дизайн× | |
|---|---|---|
| Област | Епидемиология | Епидемиология |
| Семейство | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Година на възникване≠ | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| Създател≠ | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| Тип≠ | Observational analytic study design | Observational longitudinal study design |
| Основополагащ източник≠ | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| Други названия | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| Свързани | 6 | 6 |
| Резюме≠ | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
| ScholarGateНабор от данни ↗ |
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