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| Моделиране на разпространението на въздуха× | Оценка на въздействието върху околната среда× | |
|---|---|---|
| Област | Екологично инженерство | Екологично инженерство |
| Семейство | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Година на възникване≠ | 1961 | 1970 |
| Създател≠ | Pasquill and Gifford | U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) |
| Тип≠ | mathematical simulation pipeline | systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline |
| Основополагащ източник≠ | Pasquill, F. (1974). Atmospheric Diffusion: The Dispersion of Windborne Material from Industrial and Other Sources (2nd ed.). Ellis Horwood Limited. ISBN: 978-0470657034 | Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910 |
| Други названия | air quality modeling, plume modeling, atmospheric transport, emission dispersion | EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment |
| Свързани | 4 | 4 |
| Резюме≠ | Air dispersion modeling is a quantitative method to predict the concentration and deposition of air pollutants (dust, gases, particulates) released from industrial sources, traffic, or combustion. Developed empirically by Pasquill and Gifford in the 1960s and formalized into the Gaussian plume model, these methods predict ground-level concentration downwind of a source using wind speed, stability class, source height, and meteorological data. Air dispersion models are essential tools for regulatory compliance, emission permitting, and exposure assessment. | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection. |
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