قارن الطرق

	Worldwide Governance Indicators	Transparency Index
المجال	Public Administration	Public Administration
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1999	2006
صاحب الطريقة	Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay & Massimo Mastruzzi	Transparency International / International Budget Partnership
النوع	Composite governance index	Composite governance index
المصدر التأسيسي	Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2011). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 3(2), 220–246.	Transparency International. Anti-corruption and transparency measurement resources. Transparency International, Berlin.
الأسماء البديلة	WGI, Kaufmann-Kraay-Mastruzzi Indicators, World Bank Governance Indicators, Aggregate Governance Indicators	Government Transparency Index, Openness Index, Fiscal Transparency Index, Disclosure Index
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are a long-running World Bank project that measures the quality of governance across more than two hundred countries on six dimensions: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. Developed by Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi from 1999, the WGI combine hundreds of underlying variables from dozens of survey and expert sources using a statistical unobserved-components model. The result is a set of comparable scores, each accompanied by an explicit margin of error, published on the World Bank's governance portal.	A transparency index is a composite measure that scores how openly a government discloses its decisions, finances and operations to citizens. By coding observable indicators — whether budget documents are published, whether access-to-information laws exist and are honoured, whether procurement and asset declarations are public — and aggregating them into a single normalised score, the index makes an abstract governance value comparable across jurisdictions and over time. Prominent operational examples include Transparency International's body of openness measures and the International Budget Partnership's Open Budget Index. Such indices anchor advocacy, conditionality and reform monitoring.