قارن الطرق

	مؤشر الإعاقة الصوتية	مقياس نتائج وشدة عسر البلع (DOSS)	مقياس GRBAS الإدراكي الصوتي
المجال	أمراض النطق واللغة	أمراض النطق واللغة	أمراض النطق واللغة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1997	1999	1981
صاحب الطريقة	Jacobson, B. H., et al.	O'Neil, K. H., et al.	Hirano, M.
النوع	Self-report	Clinician-rated	Clinician-rated
المصدر التأسيسي	Jacobson, B. H., Johnson, A., Grywalski, C., Silbergleit, A., Jacobson, G., Benninger, M. S., & Newman, C. W. (1997). The Voice Handicap Index (VHI): Development and Validation. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 6(3), 66–70.	O'Neil, K. H., Purdy, M., Falk, J., & Gidas, L. (1999). The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale. Dysphagia, 14(3), 139–145.	Hirano, M. (1981). Clinical Examination of Voice. Vienna: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3-7091-4621-5
الأسماء البديلة	VHI, VHI-30	DOSS	GRBAS, GRBASI, Voice Perceptual Rating
ذات صلة	2	2	3
الملخص	The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire that measures the impact of voice disorders on quality of life and functional communication. Developed by Jacobson and colleagues in 1997, it quantifies the psychosocial, physical, and emotional burden of dysphonia across functional, physical, and emotional domains. Widely used in otolaryngology and speech-language pathology to assess treatment outcomes and monitor disease progression.	The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) is a 7-point clinician-rated ordinal scale that measures the severity of swallowing dysfunction and functional swallowing outcomes across two dimensions: safety (penetration-aspiration risk) and efficiency (oral intake adequacy and diet level tolerance). Developed by O'Neil and colleagues in 1999, DOSS integrates clinical observation with videofluoroscopic findings to provide a standardized, functionally meaningful classification of swallowing status from normal to non-functional.	The GRBAS Scale (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) is a clinician-rated perceptual assessment tool for classifying voice quality across five distinct vocal dimensions. Developed by Hirano in 1981, GRBAS provides a standardized language for voice clinicians and physicians to describe dysphonia characteristics (e.g., rough voice, breathy voice, weak voice) using ordinal subscales. GRBAS is foundational in voice pathology education and remains widely used in clinical and research settings despite modern objective measures like acoustic analysis and laryngeal imaging.