قارن الطرق

	الانتحال الحرفي	الكشف عن التشابه باستخدام Turnitin و iThenticate
المجال	أخلاقيات البحث	أخلاقيات البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1950s	1997
صاحب الطريقة	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Turnitin (1997), iThenticate (commercial variant)
النوع	Concept	Tool
المصدر التأسيسي	Council of Canadian Academies (2019). The state of science and technology in Canada. Ottawa: Council of Canadian Academies.	Turnitin. (2023). Turnitin similarity detection and plagiarism detection technology. Retrieved from https://www.turnitin.com/products/similarity
الأسماء البديلة	direct plagiarism, copy-and-paste plagiarism, literal copying	text-matching software, plagiarism detection software, similarity detection, originality reports
ذات صلة	4	2
الملخص	Verbatim plagiarism is the most straightforward and recognizable form of academic misconduct: copying text word-for-word from a source without quotation marks, citation, or attribution. It is the most easily detected form of plagiarism and carries severe institutional and career consequences.	Turnitin and iThenticate are commercial text-matching software tools used by educational institutions and academic journals to screen submissions for potential plagiarism. Turnitin is designed for student assignments; iThenticate is designed for researcher manuscripts. Both tools compare submitted text against billions of sources (web pages, academic databases, previously submitted documents) and generate a Similarity Index showing what percentage of the submission matches existing sources. These tools are screening instruments, not plagiarism detectors—they flag suspicious content for human review.