قارن الطرق

	Vacancy Chain Analysis	Bid-Rent Analysis
المجال	Human Geography	Human Geography
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1970	1964
صاحب الطريقة	Harrison C. White	William Alonso
النوع	System model of mobility driven by the movement of vacancies through linked units	Theory of urban land rent and land-use allocation by distance to the centre
المصدر التأسيسي	White, H. C. (1970). Chains of Opportunity: System Models of Mobility in Organizations. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. ISBN: 9780674080652	Alonso, W. (1964). Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. ISBN: 9780674537019
الأسماء البديلة	Vacancy Chain Model, Chains of Opportunity, Vacancy Transfer Analysis, Vacancy Chain Mobility Model	Bid-Rent Theory, Alonso Bid-Rent Model, Urban Land-Rent Model, Bid-Rent Curve Analysis
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Vacancy chain analysis is a system model of mobility, introduced by Harrison White in his 1970 book Chains of Opportunity, that follows opportunities rather than people. When a unit such as a house or a job is freed and filled by someone who in turn vacates another unit, a chain of moves cascades through the system until it ends with a new entrant or a unit leaving the stock. By treating vacancies as the things that move — through an absorbing Markov chain — the framework explains how a single new dwelling or retirement can ripple into many household relocations or promotions.	Bid-rent analysis is the urban-economics theory that explains how land rent and land use are organized by distance to the city centre. Developed by William Alonso in 1964, it represents each land use — commerce, industry, housing — by a bid-rent curve giving the maximum rent that use is willing to pay at each distance from the central business district. Because uses with steeper curves outbid others for central land, the observed rent is the upper envelope of all the curves, and the city sorts into concentric zones with the highest bidder winning each ring.