قارن الطرق

	الكشف عن التشابه باستخدام Turnitin و iThenticate	الانتحال الحرفي
المجال	أخلاقيات البحث	أخلاقيات البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1997	1950s
صاحب الطريقة	Turnitin (1997), iThenticate (commercial variant)	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)
النوع	Tool	Concept
المصدر التأسيسي	Turnitin. (2023). Turnitin similarity detection and plagiarism detection technology. Retrieved from https://www.turnitin.com/products/similarity	Council of Canadian Academies (2019). The state of science and technology in Canada. Ottawa: Council of Canadian Academies.
الأسماء البديلة	text-matching software, plagiarism detection software, similarity detection, originality reports	direct plagiarism, copy-and-paste plagiarism, literal copying
ذات صلة	2	4
الملخص	Turnitin and iThenticate are commercial text-matching software tools used by educational institutions and academic journals to screen submissions for potential plagiarism. Turnitin is designed for student assignments; iThenticate is designed for researcher manuscripts. Both tools compare submitted text against billions of sources (web pages, academic databases, previously submitted documents) and generate a Similarity Index showing what percentage of the submission matches existing sources. These tools are screening instruments, not plagiarism detectors—they flag suspicious content for human review.	Verbatim plagiarism is the most straightforward and recognizable form of academic misconduct: copying text word-for-word from a source without quotation marks, citation, or attribution. It is the most easily detected form of plagiarism and carries severe institutional and career consequences.