قارن الطرق

	الكشف عن التشابه باستخدام Turnitin و iThenticate	التمييز بين التشابه والانتحال: فهم الفرق
المجال	أخلاقيات البحث	أخلاقيات البحث
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1997	2000s
صاحب الطريقة	Turnitin (1997), iThenticate (commercial variant)	Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies
النوع	Tool	Concept
المصدر التأسيسي	Turnitin. (2023). Turnitin similarity detection and plagiarism detection technology. Retrieved from https://www.turnitin.com/products/similarity	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.
الأسماء البديلة	text-matching software, plagiarism detection software, similarity detection, originality reports	similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage
ذات صلة	2	4
الملخص	Turnitin and iThenticate are commercial text-matching software tools used by educational institutions and academic journals to screen submissions for potential plagiarism. Turnitin is designed for student assignments; iThenticate is designed for researcher manuscripts. Both tools compare submitted text against billions of sources (web pages, academic databases, previously submitted documents) and generate a Similarity Index showing what percentage of the submission matches existing sources. These tools are screening instruments, not plagiarism detectors—they flag suspicious content for human review.	A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment.