قارن الطرق

	اختبار عدم اتزان الانتقال (TDT)	إحصائيات F (FST)
المجال	علم الوراثة	علم الوراثة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1993	1951
صاحب الطريقة	Richard Spielman & Warren Ewens	Sewall Wright
النوع	Hypothesis test	Population differentiation measure
المصدر التأسيسي	Spielman, R. S., McGinnis, R. E., & Ewens, W. J. (1993). Transmission test for linkage disequilibrium. American Journal of Human Genetics, 52(3), 506–516.	Wright, S. (1951). The genetical structure of populations. Annals of Eugenics, 15(4), 323–354.
الأسماء البديلة	TDT, Family-based association test	FST, Wright's F-statistics, Population differentiation index
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT) is a family-based statistical method for testing genetic association with disease or traits while inherently controlling for population stratification. Developed by Spielman and Ewens in 1993, the TDT examines whether an allele is preferentially transmitted from heterozygous parents to affected children compared to unaffected children. By comparing transmission patterns within families, the TDT avoids the confounding effects of population structure that plague case-control studies, making it particularly valuable in admixed or stratified populations.	F-statistics are a family of measures developed by Sewall Wright to quantify population genetic structure and the degree of genetic differentiation between populations. FST, the most widely used F-statistic, measures the proportion of total genetic variation attributable to differences between populations versus within populations. FST ranges from zero (no differentiation) to one (complete differentiation). These statistics have become fundamental tools for understanding population structure, detecting population admixture, and analyzing the evolutionary forces shaping genetic variation.