قارن الطرق

	Trade Network Analysis	Gravity Model of Trade
المجال	International Relations	الاقتصاد
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2013	2003
صاحب الطريقة	Network science applied to trade (e.g., Michael Ward, John Ahlquist & Arturas Rozenas)	Jan Tinbergen (empirical); Anderson & van Wincoop (structural)
النوع	Network and inferential-network analysis of trade flows	Structural econometric model of bilateral trade flows
المصدر التأسيسي	Ward, M. D., Ahlquist, J. S., & Rozenas, A. (2013). Gravity's rainbow: A dynamic latent space model for the world trade network. Network Science, 1(1), 95–118.	Anderson, J. E., & van Wincoop, E. (2003). Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. American Economic Review, 93(1), 170–192.
الأسماء البديلة	International Trade Network Analysis, World Trade Web Analysis, Trade Network Topology, Global Trade Graph Analysis	Gravity Equation, Trade Gravity Model, Structural Gravity, Anderson-van Wincoop Model
ذات صلة	3	2
الملخص	Trade network analysis studies international trade as a weighted, directed graph in which states are nodes and trade flows are edges, then characterizes its structure and models how ties form. It moves beyond the standard dyadic gravity model by treating trade relationships as interdependent — a state's trade with one partner depends on the wider web of trade — and uses network science and inferential models such as latent space models (Ward, Ahlquist, and Rozenas 2013) to capture this dependence, identify hubs and blocs, and explain the architecture of the world trade system.	The gravity model of trade explains bilateral trade flows by analogy to Newton's law of gravitation: trade between two economies is proportional to their economic sizes and inversely related to the trade costs (such as distance) between them. First applied empirically by Jan Tinbergen in 1962 and given a rigorous theoretical foundation by Anderson and van Wincoop in 2003, the structural gravity model shows that trade depends not only on bilateral barriers but on those barriers relative to each country's overall, multilateral resistance to trade.