قارن الطرق

	Tourism Satellite Account	Tourism Input-Output Analysis
المجال	Tourism Economics	Tourism Economics
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2008	1989
صاحب الطريقة	UN Statistics Division, Eurostat, OECD & UNWTO	Wassily Leontief (framework); John E. Fletcher (tourism application)
النوع	Statistical accounting framework for tourism in the system of national accounts	Inter-industry economic-impact model for tourism final demand
المصدر التأسيسي	United Nations, Eurostat, OECD & UNWTO (2010). Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008 (TSA: RMF 2008). United Nations Statistics Division, Series F No. 80/Rev.1.	Fletcher, J. E. (1989). Input-output analysis and tourism impact studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 16(4), 514-529.
الأسماء البديلة	TSA, Tourism Satellite Accounting, Tourism National Accounting Framework, Satellite Account for Tourism	Tourism I-O Analysis, Leontief Tourism Impact Model, Inter-Industry Tourism Analysis, Tourism Inter-Industry Modeling
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	A Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is the internationally agreed statistical framework for measuring the economic contribution of tourism in a way that is consistent with, and comparable to, the System of National Accounts. Because tourism is not a single industry but a demand-defined activity that cuts across accommodation, transport, food service, recreation and more, it is invisible in the standard production-based accounts. The TSA solves this by building a 'satellite' set of accounts that confronts tourism demand (what visitors spend) with tourism supply (what industries produce), and from that reconciliation derives headline aggregates such as tourism direct gross value added and tourism direct GDP. The framework was codified in the Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008, jointly issued by the UN Statistics Division, Eurostat, OECD and UNWTO, giving countries a common, comparable basis for tourism statistics.	Tourism input-output analysis applies Wassily Leontief's inter-industry framework to measure how tourist spending reverberates through an entire economy. An input-output table records, sector by sector, how much each industry buys from every other industry to produce its output. By treating tourism expenditure as a final-demand shock to this system of linkages and inverting the Leontief matrix, the analyst captures not only the direct output of the businesses visitors patronise but also the indirect demand placed on their suppliers, and the suppliers' suppliers, throughout the production chain. John Fletcher's 1989 article established the rigorous tourism application of this method, and Dwyer, Forsyth and Spurr's 2004 comparison set out both its strengths as an impact tool and the assumptions that distinguish it from computable general equilibrium analysis.