قارن الطرق

	نموذج لوجستي ثلاثي المعلمات لنظرية الاستجابة للمفردة (3PL)	نموذج الاستجابة للمفردة (IRT) اللوجستي ثنائي المعلمة (2PL)
المجال	القياس النفسي	القياس النفسي
العائلة	Latent structure	Latent structure
سنة النشأة	1968	1980
صاحب الطريقة	Allan Birnbaum	Frederic M. Lord
النوع	Item response model / latent trait model	Item response model / latent trait model
المصدر التأسيسي	Birnbaum, A. (1968). Some latent trait models and their use in inferring an examinee's ability. In F. M. Lord & M. R. Novick (Eds.), Statistical theories of mental test scores (pp. 397–479). Addison-Wesley.	Lord, F. M. (1980). Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems. Erlbaum.
الأسماء البديلة	3PL IRT — Üç Parametreli Madde Tepki Modeli, three-parameter logistic model, 3PLM, Birnbaum model	two-parameter logistic model, 2PL model, 2PL IRT — İki Parametreli Madde Tepki Modeli
ذات صلة	5	6
الملخص	The three-parameter logistic (3PL) model, introduced by Allan Birnbaum in 1968, is an item response theory model that describes the probability of a correct response to a binary test item as a function of three item-level parameters — difficulty, discrimination, and a lower asymptote representing guessing — and one person-level parameter representing latent ability.	The two-parameter logistic item response model, formalised by Frederic Lord (1980), describes the probability that a respondent answers a binary test item correctly as a smooth S-shaped function of the respondent's latent ability. By estimating a separate discrimination parameter for each item alongside a difficulty parameter, 2PL allows items to differ in how sharply they distinguish high- from low-ability respondents — making it the standard model for large-scale educational and psychological assessments.