قارن الطرق

	Third-Person Effect Survey	Uses and Gratifications Survey
المجال	Communication	Communication
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1983	1973
صاحب الطريقة	W. Phillips Davison	Elihu Katz, Jay Blumler & Michael Gurevitch
النوع	Survey approach to perceived differential media influence on self versus others	Audience-centered survey approach to media motivations and rewards
المصدر التأسيسي	Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(1), 1–15.	Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523.
الأسماء البديلة	Third-person perception survey, TPE measurement, Perceived media influence survey, Üçüncü Kişi Etkisi Anketi	U&G survey, Gratifications sought and obtained survey, Media gratifications measurement, Kullanımlar ve Doyumlar Anketi
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The third-person effect survey measures W. Phillips Davison's 1983 observation that people tend to believe persuasive media messages affect other people more than themselves. The perceptual component documents this self–other gap, while the behavioral component tests whether the gap leads people to support censorship, corrective action, or other responses aimed at protecting the supposedly more-influenced others.	The uses and gratifications survey is the dominant audience-centered method in communication research, asking not what media do to people but what people do with media. Codified by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch in 1973, it treats audiences as active agents who select media to satisfy social and psychological needs, and it measures those motives and the rewards obtained through structured self-report scales.