قارن الطرق

	رنين البلازمون السطحي	المعايرة الحرارية المتساوية الحرارة
المجال	علم الطيف	علم الطيف
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1971	1989
صاحب الطريقة	Erich Kretschmann	Terrence Wiseman
النوع	Optical technique	Biophysical technique
المصدر التأسيسي	Kretschmann, E. (1971). Determination of optical constants of metals by excitation of surface plasmons. Zeitschrift für Physik, 241(4), 313-324.	Wiseman, T., Williston, S., Brandts, J. F., & Lin, L. N. (1989). Rapid measurement of binding constants and heats of binding using a new titration calorimeter. Analytical Biochemistry, 179(1), 131-137.
الأسماء البديلة	SPR, surface plasmon, SPR biosensing	ITC, isothermal calorimetry, microcalorimetry
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a real-time, label-free technique for detecting and monitoring biomolecular interactions at a sensor surface by measuring changes in the refractive index caused by ligand binding. Developed by Kretschmann in 1971 and applied to biosensing by Liedberg, Nylander, and Lundström in 1983, SPR is now a gold standard for measuring binding kinetics (association and dissociation rates) and equilibrium binding constants in protein interactions, antibody-antigen recognition, and drug discovery.	Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) is a thermodynamic technique that measures heat released or absorbed during biomolecular binding events at constant temperature. Developed by Wiseman and colleagues in 1989, ITC directly determines binding affinity (Kd), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) in a single experiment, making it one of the most comprehensive methods for characterizing molecular interactions without requiring labels or immobilization.