قارن الطرق

	مؤشر التوحيد القياسي للهطول	مؤشر فرق الغطاء النباتي الطبيعي (NDVI)
المجال	الجيوفيزياء	الجيوفيزياء
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1993	1973
صاحب الطريقة	Thomas McKee, Neil Doesken, and John Kleist	Rouse, Haas, Schell, and Deering
النوع	Probabilistic drought indicator	Spectral index for vegetation assessment
المصدر التأسيسي	McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 179-184.	Rouse, J. W., Haas, R. H., Schell, J. A., & Deering, D. W. (1973). Monitoring vegetation systems in the Great Plains with ERTS. Third Earth Resources Technology Satellite Symposium Proceedings, 1, 309-317.
الأسماء البديلة	SPI	NDVI
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a climate index that quantifies precipitation anomalies relative to historical norms, standardized to account for differences in precipitation climatology across regions. Introduced by McKee, Doesken, and Kleist in 1993, SPI has become a primary tool for drought detection and characterization, adopted by meteorological agencies worldwide for operational drought monitoring and early warning systems.	The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a spectral index computed from satellite or aerial multispectral imagery that quantifies vegetation greenness and vigor. Introduced by Rouse and colleagues in 1973 using Landsat data, NDVI has become the most widely used remote sensing metric for vegetation monitoring, drought assessment, crop productivity forecasting, and land cover change detection.