قارن الطرق

	Spatial Dissimilarity Index	Spatial Exposure Index
المجال	Human Geography	Human Geography
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1993	1954
صاحب الطريقة	Richard Morrill & David Wong	Wendell Bell (P* indices); Douglas Massey & Nancy Denton (segregation dimensions)
النوع	Boundary-aware index of residential segregation between two groups	Segregation measure of the potential contact or isolation between population groups
المصدر التأسيسي	Wong, D. W. S. (1993). Spatial indices of segregation. Urban Studies, 30(3), 559–572.	Bell, W. (1954). A probability model for the measurement of ecological segregation. Social Forces, 32(4), 357–364.
الأسماء البديلة	Spatial Index of Dissimilarity, Adjusted Dissimilarity Index, Boundary-Adjusted Dissimilarity, Spatial Segregation Index	Exposure Index, Isolation Index, P-star Index
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The spatial dissimilarity index is a boundary-aware measure of residential segregation that corrects the classic index of dissimilarity for the fact that areal units are not isolated boxes but neighbours that share borders. Developed by Richard Morrill in 1991 and refined by David Wong in 1993, it discounts the aspatial index by the degree to which adjacent units differ in group composition, so that two groups clustered into separate but neighbouring areas are recorded as less segregated than two groups locked into a checkerboard. It directly addresses the long-standing checkerboard problem that the aspatial Duncan index cannot see.	The exposure and isolation indices, written P*, measure residential segregation as the degree of potential contact between population groups across the neighbourhoods of a region. Developed by Wendell Bell in 1954 and later codified by Massey and Denton in 1988 as the 'exposure' dimension of segregation, they answer a different question from evenness measures like the dissimilarity index: not how unevenly groups are distributed, but how much members of one group actually share neighbourhoods with members of another or only with their own. The interaction index gauges cross-group exposure while the isolation index gauges within-group concentration, each interpretable as a probability.