قارن الطرق

	Social Accounting Matrix	Location Quotient
المجال	الاقتصاد	الاقتصاد
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1962	1960
صاحب الطريقة	Richard Stone; popularized by Graham Pyatt & Jeffery Round	Developed in regional science; codified by Walter Isard
النوع	Comprehensive, square, double-entry accounting framework	Descriptive index of relative regional concentration
المصدر التأسيسي	Pyatt, G., & Round, J. I. (Eds.). (1985). Social Accounting Matrices: A Basis for Planning. Washington, DC: The World Bank. ISBN: 9780821305508	Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262090032
الأسماء البديلة	SAM, Social Accounting Framework, SAM Multiplier Model	LQ, Coefficient of Localization, Regional Specialization Ratio
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	A social accounting matrix (SAM) is a square, double-entry table that records all transactions among the production sectors, factors of production, institutions (households, firms, government), and the rest of the world in an economy for a given year. It extends the input-output table by closing the circular flow of income — connecting how value added becomes factor income, factor income becomes household income, and household income becomes demand — so that every account's receipts (its row) exactly equal its expenditures (its column).	The location quotient (LQ) is a simple descriptive index that measures how concentrated an industry is in a region relative to a larger reference area, usually the nation. It is the ratio of the industry's share of local employment (or output) to its share of national employment. An LQ above one means the region is more specialized in that industry than the nation as a whole; an LQ below one means it is under-represented.