قارن الطرق

	انتشار الدخان	مؤشر طقس الحرائق
المجال	علوم الغابات	علوم الغابات
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2000	1987
صاحب الطريقة	Dave Peterson	Cornelius Van Wagner
النوع	atmospheric modeling	weather-based fire danger system
المصدر التأسيسي	Larson, T., Gould, T., Simpson, C., & Liu, L. J. S. (2004). Source apportionment of indoor, outdoor, and personal PM2.5 in Seattle, Washington using positive matrix factorization. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 54(9), 1175–1187.	Van Wagner, C. E. (1987). Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Canadian Forestry Service Publication 1333.
الأسماء البديلة	air quality, smoke transport, visibility impacts	FWI, Canadian Fire Weather Index
ذات صلة	3	2
الملخص	Smoke dispersion modeling predicts how smoke from wildfires and prescribed burns travels and disperses through the atmosphere, affecting air quality and visibility. Models use fire characteristics (size, intensity, fuel type), atmospheric conditions (wind, stability, mixing height), and topography to forecast smoke plumes and estimate particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations downwind. Used for air quality forecasting, prescribed burn planning, and public health protection.	The Fire Weather Index (FWI) System, developed by the Canadian Forest Service, is a comprehensive weather-based fire danger rating system consisting of six component indices and an overall Fire Weather Index. It uses daily weather observations (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation) to estimate fine-fuel moisture, fire behavior, and risk. The FWI System is used operationally across Canada, many U.S. states, and internationally for fire management decisions and fire danger forecasting.