قارن الطرق

	التجربة الميدانية أحادية التعمية	التجربة الميدانية العشوائية العنقودية
المجال	التصميم التجريبي	التصميم التجريبي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Mid-20th century (blinding conventions formalised 1940s–1960s)	1980s–1990s (formalized methodology)
صاحب الطريقة	Established practice in experimental social science and clinical research; codified by Campbell & Stanley (1963) and Shadish, Cook & Campbell (2002)	David M. Murray (group-randomized trials framework); applied broadly in public health and education research
النوع	Controlled field experiment with partial blinding	Randomized experimental design
المصدر التأسيسي	Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN: 978-0395615560	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120424
الأسماء البديلة	single-masked field experiment, field experiment with single blinding, single-blind natural-setting trial	CRFE, cluster-randomized trial in the field, group-randomized field experiment, community-randomized field experiment
ذات صلة	6	4
الملخص	A single-blind field experiment combines real-world experimental conditions with partial blinding: either participants or outcome assessors — but not both — are kept unaware of treatment assignment. This design reduces demand characteristics or observer bias while preserving ecological validity, making it a practical middle ground when full double-blinding is logistically infeasible in naturalistic settings.	A cluster randomized field experiment (CRFE) assigns intact groups — schools, villages, clinics, workplaces — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions, and the experiment is conducted in real-world settings rather than a laboratory. Randomization at the group level controls for contamination between conditions while preserving the ecological validity of the natural environment. It is the dominant design for evaluating community-level, school-based, or workplace interventions in public health, education policy, and development economics.