قارن الطرق

	العينة العشوائية البسيطة	أخذ العينات متعدد المراحل
المجال	منهجية المسح	منهجية المسح
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977	1950s–1960s (formalized in Kish 1965 and Cochran 1977)
صاحب الطريقة	William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran	Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran
النوع	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
المصدر التأسيسي	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471109495
الأسماء البديلة	SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM	multistage cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, nested sampling, hierarchical sampling
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated.	Multistage sampling is a probability-based design that selects a sample by working through two or more successive levels of a population hierarchy — for example, first selecting regions, then districts within those regions, then households within those districts. It makes large-scale surveys practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when the population is geographically dispersed, by concentrating fieldwork within a manageable number of sampled units at each stage.