قارن الطرق

	دالة التجزئة SHA	تحليل المفتاح المتماثل
المجال	علم التعمية	علم التعمية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1993	1991
صاحب الطريقة	National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)	Eli Biham, Adi Shamir, Mitsuru Matsui
النوع	One-way hash algorithm	Cryptographic strength analysis
المصدر التأسيسي	National Institute of Standards and Technology (1993). Secure Hash Standard (SHS). Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Publication 180.	Biham, E., & Shamir, A. (1991). Differential cryptanalysis of DES. Journal of Cryptology, 4(1), 3–72.
الأسماء البديلة	SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, Secure Hash Algorithm	Symmetric Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Analysis, Stream Cipher Cryptanalysis
ذات صلة	4	3
الملخص	The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) is a family of cryptographic hash functions standardized by NIST starting in 1993. SHA functions produce fixed-length digests from arbitrary-length input data, serving as a fundamental building block for digital signatures, message authentication, and data integrity verification across security-critical applications.	Symmetric key cryptanalysis is the study of attacks against symmetric encryption algorithms (such as DES, AES, and stream ciphers) to evaluate their security and identify weaknesses. Classical techniques include differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis, which have shaped the design of modern ciphers and remain essential tools for cryptographers assessing algorithm robustness.