قارن الطرق

	Seasonal Livelihood Analysis	Seasonal Calendar
المجال	Development Studies	Anthropology
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1981	1994
صاحب الطريقة	Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst & Arnold Pacey; Stephen Devereux and colleagues	Participatory Rural Appraisal tradition (Robert Chambers and colleagues)
النوع	Analytical method for understanding intra-annual livelihood variation	Participatory visualization of intra-annual variation across activities and conditions
المصدر التأسيسي	Devereux, S., Sabates-Wheeler, R., & Longhurst, R. (Eds.). (2012). Seasonality, Rural Livelihoods and Development. London: Routledge/Earthscan. ISBN: 9781849714327	Chambers, R. (1994). The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development, 22(7), 953–969.
الأسماء البديلة	Seasonality analysis, Seasonal livelihood programming, Hunger gap analysis, Seasonal vulnerability analysis	Seasonal Calendar Diagramming, Seasonality Diagram, Seasonal Activity Matrix, Seasonal Mapping
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Seasonal livelihood analysis examines how poor households' livelihoods — their income, food access, labour demand, prices, debt, and exposure to hazards and disease — vary systematically across the months of the year rather than remaining constant. Rooted in the agenda set by Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst, and Arnold Pacey in their 1981 work on seasonal dimensions to rural poverty and revived by Stephen Devereux and colleagues, it uses seasonal calendars to chart these intra-annual rhythms, locate the lean or 'hunger' season, and time interventions such as social protection so they reach people when need is greatest.	A seasonal calendar is a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tool in which community members chart how key conditions and activities vary across the months or seasons of a typical year on a shared visual matrix. Rows represent variables such as rainfall, crop labour, income, food availability, migration, illness, or expenditure, while columns represent the local division of the year. By filling the cells with stones, marks, or piles whose size shows intensity, participants produce a collective picture of seasonality that reveals when stresses pile up and when slack periods occur.