قارن الطرق

	Round-Robin Design	Minimal Group Paradigm
المجال	علم النفس الاجتماعي	علم النفس الاجتماعي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2006	1971
صاحب الطريقة	Dyadic methodology (Kenny and colleagues)	Henri Tajfel and colleagues
النوع	Data-collection design for dyadic data	Experimental paradigm for intergroup discrimination
المصدر التأسيسي	Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic Data Analysis. Guilford Press. ISBN: 9781572309869	Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149-178.
الأسماء البديلة	Round-Robin Dyadic Design, All-with-All Rating Design, Block-Round-Robin Design	Minimal Group Experiment, Tajfel Matrices, Mere Categorization Paradigm
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	The round-robin design is a data-collection structure for dyadic research in which every member of a group interacts with, or provides ratings of, every other member, generating the full set of directed pairwise observations. Because each person serves repeatedly as both perceiver and target, the design produces the crossed data structure required to apply the Social Relations Model and to separate perceiver, target, and relationship effects. Round-robin designs are used to study interpersonal perception, attraction, behavior, and reciprocity in groups, families, and teams, and variants such as the block design (members of one set rate members of another) and half-block designs adapt the logic to different settings. The round-robin design is thus the data-gathering counterpart to the analytic models of dyadic data, and the quality of its structure determines what interpersonal questions can be answered.	The minimal group paradigm is an experimental procedure, introduced by Henri Tajfel and colleagues in 1971, that strips intergroup conflict down to its barest possible cause: mere categorization. Participants are sorted into two groups on a trivial or random basis (for example, an alleged preference for one painter over another, or a coin toss), never meet other members, gain nothing personally, and then allocate points between anonymous in-group and out-group members using structured reward matrices. The striking and repeatedly replicated finding is that people favor their own group even when the category is meaningless and favoritism brings them no material gain. The paradigm became the empirical cornerstone of social identity theory, demonstrating that the cognitive act of dividing the social world into 'us' and 'them' is itself sufficient to produce discrimination.